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In forging production, in addition to ensuring the shape and size required for forgings, it also meets the performance requirements of the parts in the process of use, including the strength pointer, the plastic pointer, the impact toughness, the fatigue strength, the fracture toughness and the resistance to stress corrosion, as well as the high-temperature working parts and the high temperature transient. Tensile properties, creep resistance and thermal fatigue properties. The raw materials used for forging are ingot, rolled material, extruding material and forging billet. And rolled, extruded and forged billets are semi-finished products formed by rolling, extrusion and forging. In forging production, reasonable process and technological parameters can be used to improve the microstructure and properties of the raw materials.
1) breaking columnar crystal, improving macro segregation, turning the cast microstructure into forged structure, and welding internal pores under suitable temperature and stress conditions to improve the density of the material.
2) the ingot is formed by forging to form fibrous structure, and further through rolling, extrusion and die forging, the reasonable direction of fiber distribution of the forging is distributed.
3) control the size and uniformity of the grain.
4) strengthening or deforming the structure, such as transformation strengthening.
Because of the improvement of the above-mentioned tissue, the plasticity, impact toughness, fatigue strength and performance of the forgings have been improved, and the good comprehensive properties, such as hardness, strength and plasticity, are obtained by the heat treatment of the parts. However, if the quality of the raw material is poor or the forging process used is not reasonable, the defects of the forgings may be produced, including surface defects, internal defects or unqualified performance.